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991.
Many aspects of the behavior of surfactants have not been well understood due to the coupling of many different mechanisms.
Computer simulation is, therefore, attractive in the sense that it can explore the effect of different mechanisms separately.
In this paper, the shapes, structures and sizes of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) micelles under different concentrations
in an oil/water mixture were studied via molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using a simplified atomistic model which basically
maintains the hydrophile and lipophile properties of the surfactant molecules. Above the critical micellar concentration (cmc),
surfactant molecules aggregate spontaneously to form a wide variety of assemblies, from spherical to rodlike, wormlike and
bilayer micelles. Changes in their ratios of the principle moments of inertia (g1/g3, g2/g3) indicated the transition of micelle shapes at different concentrations. The aggregation number of micelle is found to have
a power-law dependence on surfactant concentration. 相似文献
992.
The melt extrudate swell and entry pressure losses are important characteristics of elastic properties during die extrusion of polymeric fluids. They are usually expressed with die-swell ratio (B) and entry pressure drop (ΔPo). In the present paper, the die-swell behavior and entrance pressure drop of a polypropylene (PP) filled with A-glass beads were investigated by using a Rosand capillary rheometer to identify the effects of the filler contents and extrusion rate on the elastic behavior of the sample melts. The experiments were carried out under the conditions with an apparent shear rate range of 50–104 s−1 and a temperature of 190 °C. The results showed that B increased nonlinearly with increasing shear rate at the wall (γw), and increased linearly with the increase of shear stress at the wall (τw). With the increase of the volume fraction of the fillers B decreased nonlinearly. Similarly, the entry pressure drop increased linearly with the increase of τw, whereas the influence of the filler concentration on ΔPo was insignificant in this case. Furthermore, B increased as a linear function of ΔPo, and extension stress (σe) increased nonlinearly with increasing γw. 相似文献
993.
合成双分子膜是近年来出现的一类重要的超分子化学体系,它具有多方面模拟生物膜功能的性质,是目前国际上极引人注目的研究领域.含有Schiff碱基的双亲性分子(1)的稀水溶液在超声波作用下,可形成其壁为双分子膜结构的球形囊泡。示差扫描量热分析(DSC)表明,该双分子膜从凝胶相到液晶相的相变温度T_c为32℃.由于Schiff碱基在膜内的质子化行为与视网膜中视色素的光化学过程密切相关,所以研究上述合成双分子膜的质子化过程有着重要的膜模拟化学意义.本文简要报导双分子膜(1)在不 相似文献
994.
Xian‐Fa Zhang Shan Gao Li‐Hua Huo Hui Zhao 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2006,62(12):m617-m619
In the title coordination polymer, [Pb(C5H2N2O4)(H2O)]n, the PbII atom is seven‐coordinated by one N atom and five O atoms from four individual imidazole‐4,5‐dicarboxylate (HIDC2−) groups and one water molecule. It is interesting to note that the HIDC2− group serves as a bridging ligand to link the PbII atoms into a three‐dimensional microporous open‐framework. 相似文献
995.
Gao X Butler IS Kremer R 《Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy》2005,61(1-2):27-35
We report here the use of near-infrared (NIR) Fourier transform (FT) Raman spectroscopy to analyze normal human epidermal keratinocytes prior to and following malignant transformation. Our analysis indicates specific Raman spectral differences between immortalized (HPK1A) and malignant ras transformed (HPK1A-ras) cells. In addition, striking spectral differences are seen in the DNA isolated from these cells and particularly in the 843/810 cm(-1) ratio with values of 1.6 +/- 0.13 in HPK1A cells and 0.68 +/- 0.09 in HPK1A-ras cells (mean +/- S.D., n = 12, P < 0.001) indicating specific alterations in the backbone conformation markers following malignant transformation. Subsequently, we analysed the effect of a strong inhibitor of keratinocyte growth, the Vitamin D analog EB1089, on the Raman spectra of intact cells and on the 843/810 cm(-1) ratio in the DNA isolated from both cell lines. Specific changes were observed in intact cells in the 1300-750 cm(-1) region. Furthermore, the 843/810 cm(-1) ratio of isolated DNA from HPK1A cells was not affected by EB1089 but significantly increased in DNA isolated from HPK1A-ras cells so much that it became closer to the value observed for HPK1A cells (1.07 +/- 0.10). Our data suggest that Raman analysis of DNA and in particular the 843/810 cm(-1) ratio can provide useful indices of malignant transformation and efficacy of anticancer agents. 相似文献
996.
Hydrogen peroxide (HOOH) in ice and snow is an important chemical tracer for the oxidative capacities of past atmospheres. However, photolysis in ice and snow will destroy HOOH and form the hydroxyl radical (*OH), which can react with snowpack trace species. Reactions of *OH in snow and ice will affect the composition of both the overlying atmosphere (e.g., by the release of volatile species such as formaldehyde to the boundary layer) and the snow and ice (e.g., by the *OH-mediated destruction of trace organics). To help understand these impacts, we have measured the quantum yield of *OH from the photolysis of HOOH on ice. Our measured quantum yields (Phi(HOOH --> *OH)) are independent of ionic strength, pH, and wavelength, but are dependent upon temperature. This temperature dependence for both solution and ice data is best described by the relationship ln(Phi(HOOH --> *OH)) = -(684 +/- 17)(1/T) + (2.27 +/- 0.064) (where errors represent 1 standard error). The corresponding activation energy (Ea) for HOOH (5.7 kJ mol(-1)) is much smaller than that for nitrate photolysis, indicating that the photochemistry of HOOH is less affected by changes in temperature. Using our measured quantum yields, we calculate that the photolytic lifetimes of HOOH in surface snow grains under midday, summer solstice sunlight are approximately 140 h at representative sites on the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. In addition, our calculations reveal that the majority of *OH radicals formed on polar snow grains are from HOOH photolysis, while nitrate photolysis is only a minor contributor. Similarly, HOOH appears to be much more important than nitrate as a photochemical source of *OH on cirrus ice clouds, where reactions of the photochemically formed hydroxyl radical could lead to the release of oxygenated volatile organic compounds to the upper troposphere. 相似文献
997.
Pei-Yu Gao W. Kunath H. Gleiter K. Weiss 《Zeitschrift für Physik D Atoms, Molecules and Clusters》1989,12(1-4):119-121
The structural feathers of penta-twinned gold particles (size between 2 and 6 nm) generated by gas evaporation have been investigated by high resolution TEM. The structural characteristic of penta-twinned particles is different from that of quasi-crystals that the five coherent or incoherent twin boundaries separating the twin oriented segments do not join up along a common edge. The lattice parameter is reduced by 4–5% in comparison to that of bulk gold. The formation of the penta-twinned particles is proposed to occur by particle collision. The particles were observed to be crystalline at ambient temperature. 相似文献
998.
Zilu Chen Huihui Xing Fupei Liang 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2007,63(12):m576-m578
In the title compound, [Mn(C5H2N2O4)(H2O)2]n, the MnII ion has a distorted octahedral geometry and the 4‐oxido‐2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydropyrimidine‐5‐carboxylate (Hiso2−) anion acts as a μ3:η4‐bridging ligand. Two oxo O atoms from different Hiso2− ligands bridge two MnII ions, forming centrosymmetric dinuclear building blocks. Each dinuclear building block interacts with another four by the coordination of the oxide groups and carboxylate O atoms, producing a two‐dimensional framework in the ab plane. Hydrogen bonds further extend the two‐dimensional sheets into a three‐dimensional supramolecular framework. 相似文献
999.
Chao Song Dan Gao Tianying Yuan Yongli Chen Liping Liu Xiaowu Chen Yuyang Jiang 《中国化学快报》2019,30(5):1038-1042
Cell migration and invasion are critical steps in cancer metastasis, which are the major cause of death in cancer patients. Tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs) and interstitial flow(IF) are two important biochemical and biomechanical cues in tumor microenvironment, play essential roles in tumor progression. However, their combined effects on tumor cell migration and invasion as well as molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. In this work, we developed a microfluidic-based 3 D breast cancer model by co-culturing tumor aggregates, macrophages, monocytes and endothelial cells within 3 D extracellular matrix in the presence of IF to study tumor cell migration and invasion. On the established platform, we can precisely control the parameters related to tumor microenvironment and observe cellular responses and interactions in real-time. When co-culture of U937 with human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) or MDA-MB-231 cells and tri-culture of U937 with HUVECs and MDA-MB-231 cells, we found that mesenchymal-like MDA-MB-231 aggregates activated the monocytes to TAM-like phenotype macrophages. MDA-MB-231 cells and IF simultaneously enhanced the macrophages activation by the stimulation of colony-stimulating factor 1(CSF-1). The activated macrophages and IF further promoted vascular sprouting via vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGFα) signal and tumor cell invasion. This is the first attempt to study the interaction between macrophages and breast cancer cells under IF condition. Taken together, our results provide a new insight to reveal the important physiological and pathological processes of macrophages-tumor communication. Moreover, our established platform with a more mimetic 3 D breast cancer model has the potential for drug screening with more accurate results. 相似文献
1000.
The novel ternary solid complex Gd(C5H8NS2)3(C12H8N2) has been obtained from the reaction of hydrous gadolinium chloride, ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC), and 1,10-phenanthroline
(o-phen · H2O) in absolute ethanol. The complex was described by an elemental analysis, TG-DTG, and an IR spectrum. The enthalpy change
of the complex formation reaction from a solution of the reagents, Δr
H
m
ϑ
(sol), and the molar heat capacity of the complex, c
m
, were determined as being − 15.174 ± 0.053 kJ/mol and 72.377 ± 0.636 J/(mol K) at 298.15 K by using an RD496-III heat conduction
microcalorimeter. The enthalpy change of a complex formation from the reaction of the reagents in a solid phase, Δr
H
m
ϑ
(s), was calculated as being 52.703 ± 0.304 kJ/mol on the basis of an appropriate thermochemical cycle and other auxiliary
thermodynamic data. The thermodynamics of the formation reaction of the complex was investigated by the reaction in solution.
Fundamental parameters, the activation enthalpy (ΔH
≠
ϑ
), the activation entropy (ΔS
≠
ϑ
), the activation free energy (ΔG
≠
ϑ
), the apparent reaction rate constant (k), the apparent activation energy (E), the preexponential constant (A), and the reaction order (n), were obtained by the combination of the thermochemical data of the reaction and kinetic equations, with the data of thermokinetic
experiments. The constant-volume combustion energy of the complex, Δc
U, was determined as being −17588.79 ± 8.62 kJ/mol by an RBC-II type rotatingbomb calorimeter at 298.15 K. Its standard enthalpy
of combustion, Δc
H
m
ϑ
, and standard enthalpy of formation, Δf
H
m
ϑ
, were calculated to be −17604.28 ± 8.62 and −282.43 ± 9.58 kJ/mol, respectively.
The text was submitted by the authors in English. 相似文献